Why use CAD on Android?

It’s no secret that the best place for CAD is, still, on a desktop: with larger screen real estate and superior computing power for more processor-heavy requirements. However, developers also know that you won’t always be at your desk. And the apps that you can use on your Android device—be that a phone or tablet—are there to encourage design on-the-go. Whether you’re in a meeting, out in the field on site, or en route to any number of locations, remote working can very much be part of many designers’ and engineers’ day-to-day life.

Regular readers of this blog will be aware that we’ve already discussed the flexibility and versatility advantages of CAD on iOS. However, there are plenty of designers who eschew Apple mobile products in favour of other big names. And, not ones to discriminate, we’ve decided to document some of the choices for Android users keen to take their CAD skills to mobile.

CAD apps for Android

Here we’ll be running through just 3 of the apps on offer. This list isn’t exhaustive by any means, but aims to give you a flavour of the types of CAD apps that are out there, and how their free and pro versions compare.

Inard CAD

Inard CAD doesn’t claim to be the most expansive of Android CAD apps, but professes to do the basics well: it supports lines, arcs, circles, rectangles, areas, text and distances. It also uses your individual design to make suggestions as to your next steps. Some users may not be keen on this feature, but it certainly helps keep the interface clean and minimal, and can assist in efficiency by eliminating steps in the pursuit of certain actions.

Inard supports all the basic editing features you would expect (copy, move, rotate etc.) as well as some of the more advanced ones: extend, fillet, mirror, offset, trim and split. Individual layers can be modified, and you can double tap to enable more features, such as snap and intersect. And, as your drawing progresses and it increases in size, line widths, text heights and distances adapt accordingly, holding their scale.  

With the Pro version—priced at $9.90—you can save to either DXF, PDF or as an image. It also gives you an unlimited number of drawings, and full layer and block support. This version has a higher rating, but significantly fewer downloads on Google Play.

Click to download the free or pro versions.

AndCAD

Apologies to any Brits out there: unfortunately, if you live on the other side of the pond, you’ll have to wait a while for this one; it’s currently in development for the UK. But in the US, after a period of instability, late 2016 saw development of the AndCAD app begin again, when the parent company retook control of operations.

This app is for 2D design only, but boasts full layer support, image underlay and true vector objects. Draw with an array of geometric objects: lines, arcs, circles, polylines and points, to name just a few. Object snapping helps you position your parts of your design accurately, and you can edit on your mobile device with ease—scale objects; move, rotate or copy them—the choice is yours.

Looking to the future, there’s plenty more features in the pipeline. These include additional dimension types, trim, extend, mirror functions and block / symbol support. And right now you can see which tools have multiple options at a glance: a red stripe handily indicates any tool which you can ‘long press’.

The free demo version gives you full capabilities, minus options to save, so you can try out all the features without dipping into your wallet. The full version will set you back $34.99 on Google Play, but will, in return, increase productivity and flexibility for your design needs.

Editor’s note: AndCAD seems to be discontinued. Alternatives can be found in the Android store.

CAD Touch

With CAD Touch, you can produce both 2D and 3D designs. Sketch, model and edit, with an extensive range of features, such as hatch, smart and angular dimensions and parallel offset. Undo or redo are useful tools for those inevitable mistakes, and it’s easy to alter line width, color and pattern after they’ve been drawn.

The app also helps you to keep your drawings organized. File them into different projects and further personalize your design by specifying the purpose of your drawing. Whether you’re designing with architecture, engineering, electronics or home design in mind, you can choose your industry; the app will personalize your library according to your preference.

As with Inard CAD, the Pro version is available as a separate app, rather than an in-app purchase. It has open, save and sharing capabilities—features unsupported by the free version. Import from either a DWG or DXF, and save to DWG or PDF—or even save an HD image of your design to your photos. Both versions of the app boast high ratings on Google Play, with thousands of downloads to its name. However, one recommendation is that that when using CAD Touch, you close other apps. This will help to free RAM on your device for the app to work at its optimum.

Although you don’t need a stylus to make use of the app, it does supports this option. And, while you can view the app on screens as small as 3.4”, to make the most of its capabilities, it is preferable to use it on a tablet. Of course, for CAD work, we generally recommend much larger screens; mobile CAD should be used as an addition, rather than a replacement to a desktop. But within that context, the online and offline capabilities enable extensive use outside of the office; CAD Touch is impressive in aiding you design remotely, and for a reasonable cost.

Try it for free, or choose the pro version instead.

Get the latest industry news on our blog, or see how Scan2CAD has helped others, including Camden Custom Cutters, who use our software to produce their bespoke model aircraft kits.

For various reasons—be it their sleek design, or a preference for functionality—many designers use Apple products as standard. And, even amongst those that work from a Windows PC, there are many who would rather lose a limb than sacrifice their iPhone or iPad. That’s why we’re turning our attention to CAD on iOS.

The benefits of CAD on iOS

Accessibility

Perhaps the biggest advantage to producing CAD on iOS is being able to access and work on CAD files out in the field. This has benefits across a range of industries, including construction, where site visits are crucial.

Now, you can not only view files, but also make edits offline—without having to get back to the office first. Some apps even let you add in photos and annotate designs, so that you can remember the details and collaborate with colleagues who weren’t present on the visit.

Additionally, the use of CAD apps further reduces the need for printing. Instead of taking bundles of drawings to client or collaborative meetings, files can be accessed through the cloud, and displayed on a screen; they can be edited then and there to reflect updates.

Versatility

iOS doesn’t just mean mobile, either. iPads are becoming more popular for remote working; their bigger screens are useful for viewing details up close, and the iPad Pro offers the Apple pencil—a tool that enables accurate hand sketching on a digital surface. Apps that are independent of advanced design programs now offer features that enable you to export your drawings into your preferred CAD software, such as AutoCAD or SolidWorks.

The limitations of CAD on iOS

iOS CAD apps are constantly improving, but however good they become, mobile CAD is a long way from being an adequate substitute for a desktop CAD PC. For starters, small screens are not suited to the intricate precision that designers require. To be useful for CAD software, we recommend a monitor of at least 23”: we’ve researched them, and produced a list of the best CAD monitors under $1000.

Similarly, CAD apps tend to offer a more limited set of functions than are available within comprehensive software packages. Mobile devices don’t have nearly enough power or RAM to support all of the features that you would get with desktop software. This is often necessary to see a complex design through to completion.

However, iOS apps shouldn’t be seen as an alternative to desktop working. Instead, they’re there to plug the gaps left by traditional desktop CAD software: they are able to mobilize design in a modern and digital way. So, CAD apps are wonderful innovations—when used in their rightful place, and when their pitfalls are fully acknowledged.

CAD apps for iOS

We’ve already covered some of the apps that are available for CAD on mobile. Here are a few others we think worth mentioning when it comes to CAD on iOS specifically.

Archisketch

Archisketch is a hybrid application, bridging the gap between the creativity of sketching and the technicalities of CAD. Unlike many apps, which act as mobile versions of existing desktop software, Archisketch was built specifically for iPad.

Using the Apple pencil, you can draw freehand, so that initial concept design is available on screen rather than paper. You can import drawings to set the scale and use dimension lines to demonstrate size and proportions. The app also supports the zoom function, so that you can see the design close up, without any loss of quality. Elements are able to be adapted, rotated and moved, and shapes display key information like dimensions and angles.

You can also import or export as PDF—and we can point you to the ideal program for converting your PDF to a vector file, so that you can edit it within CAD software.

Download Archisketch on iOS here.

Shapr3D

This is another app that was designed for use on an iPad. Shapr3D lets you model 3 dimensional objects with an iPad Pro and its ultimate accessory: the Apple pencil. Without this, you can still use the app, but will be limited to viewing files—a useful feature in itself—rather than designing your own. CAD apps often provide a minimalistic user interface, which gives you the freedom to create without distraction, and Shapr3D is no different.

It also boasts ease of use that does not compromise professionalism: the app is compatible with all major CAD software, including AutoCAD and SolidWorks, so that you can transition smoothly between programs as required by your workflow.

Download Shapr3D on iOS here.

Concepts

Although optimized for use on an iPad, you can also work from Concepts on an iPhone. The free version gives you features that aid creativity and productivity. Marking up images through annotation is especially handy for collaborative design, and you can split your view to encourage multitasking.

But for greater design calibre, the pro pack and in-app purchases are a must. Precision Tools is particularly worthwhile, as it will help you create detailed drawings alongside quick sketches. You can also export to PDF or even straight to CAD in the form of a DXF file.

Download Concepts on iOS here.

There’s no excuse not to keep up-to-date with industry developments: we cover all sorts of CAD news and tips in our regularly updated blog.

This guide covers everything you need to know about scanning a design into the computer, and converting the resulting raster file into a CAD-friendly vector format.

When would paper to CAD conversion be used?

There are several instances where paper to CAD conversion becomes necessary.

One common scenario involves old technical drawings or architectural plans. Your studio may have won a contract to develop part of a site further. The trouble is, all of the previous plans were drawn on physical paper, rather than on a program like AutoCAD. In such an instance, you could begin by manually drawing the designs in your preferred software, and going from there. However, this would require a huge commitment of time and energy, which would be better spent editing the initial design to the client’s new specifications. A more efficient method would be to use the technological advances that are present in Scan2CAD, which allow you to automatically convert a scanned paper drawing to a CAD format.

The same principle applies to hand-drawn sketches, or any other design that has been produced on paper.

Why do you need conversion software?

Only vector graphics are suitable for designing in CAD. Source: University of Connecticut

When you scan your drawing—either onto your computer, or directly into Scan2CAD—you will be able to save it as a raster file. Raster file formats are commonly used display on the web, but are not suitable for use within the context of CAD design. Their lack of structure means that you cannot edit individual entities without affecting the image as a whole. Furthermore, if you increase the image size, this can cause the drawing to lose quality and appear fuzzy or pixelated.

In order to use your scanned paper drawings for CAD design purposes, you will need to convert blueprints to CAD compatible vector format, such as DXF (Drawing Exchange Format) or DWG (Drawing). Unlike raster images, vector files are capable of holding masses of data about each individual element. This data is readable by CAD software, and is invaluable when collaborating on an important project.

Vectors also benefit from resolution independence: however far you zoom into the file, you will never see a loss of quality. Furthermore, whereas raster graphics are made up of pixels, vector graphics are made up of objects, such as lines, arcs, Bezier curves or polygons. You can edit each of these entities individually without affecting the rest of the image, granting the designer much more freedom.

There are 2 methods to convert blueprints to digital: manual tracing and automatic tracing. The term ‘tracing’ refers to the process of drawing over raster images with vectors. While humans can understand design more effectively than technology, we’re more prone to inaccuracy. Tracing by hand with a graphics stylus or mouse is also very time consuming. Automatic tracing, on the other hand, is performed by raster-to-vector software like Scan2CAD. You may have to touch-up raster images prior to conversion, but the process is very quick: it takes mere seconds.

With Scan2CAD, you can opt to convert a scanned drawing to a wide range of different vector formats—most commonly DXF or DWG. We’ll look at the differences between the two, and how to vectorize your drawing a little later.  

Scanning your drawing

Can you scan any drawing?

Conversion software is only able to work with what it’s given. When assessing whether your drawing is suitable for scanning, you need to be aware of both size and clarity.

Some drawings are simply too small to be scanned, however much you try to offset this with resolution. Others are too faint, or too dirty, to be cleaned up well enough to produce a credible scan. You also need to be aware of obscured lines. If too many lines are overlapped by text, no software would be able to make sense of the information. Therefore if your aim is to convert blueprints to digital, ensure you have a suitable quality drawing and scan.

What type of scanner can you use?

You can scan directly to Scan2CAD: all you need is a compatible scanner. These include any Twain- or WIA-compliant scanner, or, if you have the pro version, a Colortrac SmartLF scanner, or an HP Designjet T2300 eMFP.

Simply start by loading your design directly from your scanner into Scan2CAD. If a dialogue box appears, choose appropriate settings, and then instruct the software to Scan.

It makes little difference which of these scanners is used, although the latter model does offer you a preview within the software; use this to check whether your scan is fit for conversion. If not—if your drawing is skewed, for instance—rescan until the image is optimal.

If you don’t have access to any of the scanners mentioned, you can still convert your drawing to CAD: it will just add a couple of extra steps. Simply scan your drawing onto your computer as normal, load it in Scan2CAD, and vectorize.

When scanning your drawing, it’s important to save it as a lossless format. TIFF is an ideal format; other lossless formats include BMP and PNG. You should avoid lossy formats, such as JPEG, which sacrifice image quality for smaller file sizes.

Scanner Settings

Color

Most scanners give you the option to scan in color, grayscale, or monochrome. In most cases, the best option to convert hand-drawn plans to digital is to scan your drawing in monochrome. This separates your image into just two colors—black and white—which means that Scan2CAD can easily separate out the design in the foreground from the white background.

If scanning an image as a monochrome image, it’s worth checking your scanner’s threshold settings. These determine which parts of your image are scanned as black and white respectively. If they’re set too high, text may “bleed”, and speckles may appear in the background. Set them too low, and your image may lack detail. It’s possible, however, to simply scan your image in grayscale, then separate the colors out into black and white using Scan2CAD’s thresholding tool.

Resolution

High resolution doesn’t automatically produce a better scan; the important thing is to find the resolution that is most appropriate. But you should also be aware that while you can decrease image resolution after it has been scanned, you cannot increase it. As a general rule, you should be looking at a resolution between 200 and 400 DPI; smaller images, such as logos, may require higher resolution. If your scan appears pixelated, this is a key sign that you need to increase the resolution. Likewise with characters within areas of text, and the spacing of entities—you want clear white space to be visible between them.

This latter issue may need a combination of resolution and threshold adjustments, and you should experiment with both until the image is optimal.

Pre-conversion clean-up

Using the Deskew tool on very skewed images usually results in a significant loss of quality

Before you convert hand-drawn plans to digital, ensure that you have not missed any basic errors. Check that the whole drawing has been scanned and that it is as straight as possible. While Scan2CAD does provide a deskew tool, using it may result in a loss of quality. See our comprehensive guide for optimal raster-to-vector conversion results for more areas you should watch out for.

If you do need to clean up any of the image, there are a number of tools available to you. Other than deskew, you can also fill in missing gaps in lines. Use the Remove Holes function for small holes, or Flood Fill for larger gaps. Opting to Smooth lines will get rid of stray ‘hairs’ from your lines, and if there is a small amount of dirt in the background, you can ‘Remove Speckles’ to eliminate marks.

It’s best at this point to work through the full quality checklist, zooming in to ensure you haven’t missed anything that will become an issue during vectorization.

Converting to vector

DXF or DWG?

To convert from a simple image to a file that contains important design data and that can be easily edited in CAD software, you’ll need to convert your drawing from raster to vector. With Scan2CAD, you can choose between numerous vector formats, notably including DXF or DWG. Both formats allow you to edit individual entities and reuse them, should you so wish. This can save time in the future when creating CAD files with similar elements to those in this file. What’s more, neither DXF or DWG files are resolution dependent: however far you zoom in or out; whatever size you view the image, the drawing’s quality will be retained.

But while DXF files are supported almost universally by CAD programs, making them ideal for collaboration, the DWG format is native to AutoCAD. If you don’t own this software, don’t panic—you may still be able to view and edit a DWG without AutoCAD.

You may prefer this format if you are keen to edit the drawing using native AutoCAD entities, or if you are only going to be sharing the file with those who use the same software. If you are unsure which to go for, take a closer look at the qualities of each of these vector file types. And remember, it’s not the end of the world if you get it ‘wrong’: you can always convert your DWG to a DXF, or vice versa, at a later date.

How to vectorize your drawing

Whether you’re looking to convert your scan from a TIFF or a PDF, and to a DXF or DWG, the process is the same:

1. Open the scanned image into Scan2CAD
2. Clean the image (if required) using Scan2CAD’s image cleaning tools
3. Convert the image using Scan2CAD’s Vectorization and OCR 
4. Export the converted vector image to DXF or DWG for your CAD software.

It really is as quick and simple as that! And, if you’ve got a mountain of hard copies that you need to scan, there’s no need to convert each one individually. Use the Batch Processing tool to automate the process, while retaining control on pre-conversion optimization.

A floor plan drawing converted to DXF in Scan2CAD

What about Paper to CAD Conversion Services?

If converted your paper designs to CAD yourself seems like too much work, you could look into paper to CAD conversion services. These service providers will require you to send them your paper copies and they will subsequently scan and convert your drawings to your required format.

Paper to CAD conversion as a service is not without its issues. In fact, we created an article for those who wish to make an informed decision on whether or not to outsource conversions: CAD Conversion: Do It Yourself Or Outsource? Most notably, outsourcing conversion is not a zero-work option. You will need to consult with the conversion service providing detailed specifications of the conversions you require and you should carefully check the accuracy of all delivered files. Finally, outsourcing is not an option for the majority of companies who have a policy of protecting their client’s drawings.

Useful resources

If you need more support on converting your scan to vector, then you may find the following pages helpful:

• Converting from TIFF to DXF — Your ultimate guide
• Ultimate Guide: TIFF to DWG Conversion
• Ultimate Guide: PDF to DXF Conversion
• Ultimate Guide: PDF to DWG Conversion
• FAQs: DXF Conversion

If you want to have a go at converting a paper drawing to CAD without the commitment of paying, you can enjoy a no-strings-attached, 14-day trial of Scan2CAD without spending a penny. You’ll soon realize why it is the ultimate market-leading vectorization software.

But what, precisely, is the format that you’re getting out at the end of the process? We’ll explore why vector files are compatible with CAD software, what format options are available, and the significant advantages to using them in both design and manufacturing. First, though, we’re turning back the clock for a brief look at their history.

1. Vector files pre-date AutoCAD

You could create a vector file using a stylus with the Sketchpad software

With its long history, you may assume that AutoCAD was the first program to implement the use of vector files. However, it was a couple of decades previous that Sketchpad, a drawing program thought up by Ivan Sutherland, enabled users to join points with lines—essentially the same technique that is used for drafting vectors today.

Since then, there has been some debate over terminology. Images within vector files are commonly referred to as vector graphics. However, it has been suggested that this term could cause confusion; some authors prefer to call them object-oriented graphics instead. But again, this has drawn criticism. It could be claimed that the term is misleading, as there exists a type of programming called ‘object-oriented programming’—and the two are not necessarily compatible.

In the end, it doesn’t really matter too much which you use; it is, however, important to be aware of both.

2. Different types of vector file are available

Common to CAD design are the file types DXF and DWG.

Drawing eXchange Format (DXF) files are native to AutoCAD, but were designed with the intention of being shared. As such, they are supported by practically every CAD program on the market—which makes them particularly useful for multi-disciplinary collaboration. The files are also simple enough to be used in CNC fabrication. However, this also means that they are not always suitable for some of the more complex entities that designers may wish to use.

Drawing (DWG) files, on the other hand, are not open-source. For use in AutoCAD they are ideal: capable of supporting 3D graphics—unlike DXF files—they also tend to be smaller in size. But when it comes to sharing a DWG, you may encounter difficulties. Some CAD programs are unable to read the file, and it is not supported by browsers.

These are the two formats we focus on here at Scan2CAD. However, they are not the only vector formats out there.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) files, for instance, are some of the most well-known types of vector file formats. Most prominent amongst their features is their small file size, ensuring them highly appropriate for use on the web. 

We cover more vector file types in a previous blog post; read it to find out more and get guidance on choosing the most suitable one for you.

3. PDF files can be a hybrid of raster and vector

We missed out PDF files from the previous section deliberately—and this is because, whilst they can be classed as a vector file, they may actually be a sort of hybrid, containing some raster entities too. These are images which are not compatible with CAD programs, and which are formed using pixels. Unlike any vector elements of the file, raster entities will not be scalable, and will need to undergo a conversion such as converting PDF to DXF before you can edit them properly. Luckily, the Scan2CAD software is able to convert raster entities to vectors in just a few clicks.

For design purposes, though, you will probably want to change the whole file into a format that is more compatible with CAD programs anyway. This is an extremely quick task—where you can upload your PDF, define the settings as per your requirements, and convert it to a DXF file. And by doing so, there is the option to keep or convert any raster entities, along with the vector ones.

4. Vector files are scalable

Raster files are resolution dependent, but however far you zoom into a vector image, it will always retain its quality

The beauty of vector files is that they are made up of lines, plotted from coordinate point to coordinate point. It is an entirely mathematical approach to drawing—but for those who dislike numeracy as a subject, this shouldn’t put you off. Rather, the format ensures that images can stay crisp and clear at any size at all: they are scalable.

This differs to the pixel-based approach employed by raster files. If you attempt to expand a raster image, it will gradually reduce in quality. This is because there are a fixed number of pixels contained within the file; the optimal size is where all outlines appear in focus. While they offer effects such as color gradation, they are unsuitable for many purposes where accuracy or scale are key.

Vector files, on the other hand, are ideal for use in design. The commonly spouted example tells of a graphic designer, who needs his client’s logo to work on tiny business cards, giant billboards—and anything in between. A raster image would prove unsuitable for such diverse requirements, but vectors rise (literally, and quite spectacularly) to the challenge.

5. Not all raster images can be turned into vector files

When attempting to convert raster files, such as TIFFs, JPEGs or PNGs, into a vector format, you need to be realistic. Not all rasters are suitable for conversion—and for those that are, some pre-vectorization clean-up may be necessary.

The conversion software is very clever, but it isn’t human. Should your image contain text, remember that the OCR technology cannot understand full words as you and I can; if you find it difficult to read, there is no way that the software will be able to.

You also need to ensure that your input image is clear enough to allow vector entities to be traced from it. Raster file types that use lossy compression, such as the JPEG format, are particularly susceptible to problems relating to low quality files. Small file sizes are wonderful for keeping used storage to a minimum, but if there are blurred lines as a result, you are unlikely to get a good vector image at the end.

Fortunately, if you’re set on getting a vector file out of your imperfect raster, there are some things you can do to combat potential issues. You may be able to improve the resolution of the image, and reduce the colors it contains. There are also options to negate the image, deskew it, or remove any holes that may disrupt lines. You can see all of our top raster effects in more detail here.

And of course, if you are able to vectorize your file, there are more benefits in store for you.

6. Vector files are easy to edit in CAD

One of the key reasons why designers and manufacturers predominantly use vector files, rather than raster, is because they contain all the information that is necessary to be used in CAD programs.

It doesn’t matter whether you’ve started out with a vector file, or vectorized a raster: you can edit it either way. You can, of course, manipulate the images in your preferred CAD software program, be that AutoCAD, SolidWorks or DraftSight. However, you need not even leave the confines of Scan2CAD for many of the edits you may wish to make.

The full editing suite includes tools that allow you to erase different entities, draw alternative or additional elements, or move them around on your screen. You can even change a line to a curve, and vice versa. Text is easily editable, too—by selecting the words you wish to change, you can type over them, hit ‘Enter’, sit back and admire your handiwork.

If you have previously converted from raster to vector, your new file will be overlayed over the original. The best way to edit it is simply by removing the raster image from sight, using the keyboard shortcut command ‘V’. This will allow you to see just the vectorized image, and thus enable you to work on it unhindered.  

7. They’re ideal for manufacturing, as well as design work

Manufacturing techniques that make use of CNC routers, milling machines and laser cutters, rely on the information contained within vector files. Such instructions are simply not held within raster files, and it is therefore not possible to fabricate a product from one. However, just as you can vectorize a raster file for design purposes, you can also convert an image for CNC.

The crucial thing to remember is that CNC machines need highly accurate designs to work from. With this in mind, when designing vectors for CNC, simple is usually best. Precision is key, and while it may take a bit of time to optimize your image, you can be sure that every second will be worth it. Manufacturing is expensive business, so preventable mistakes are not only irritating, but costly too. Check out the most frequent pitfalls of designing for CNC—and find out how you can avoid them.

As previously mentioned, DXF files, in particular, are ideal for use with CNC machines. Since it’s such a popular format, you’ll find many sites offering free, cut-ready, downloadable DXF files. They allow even the least experienced manufacturer to have a go—providing you’re willing and able to pay for the materials and machine involved in the process.  

For more information on the process of converting your raster files into vector, check out our post on vectorization.

1. It’s necessary for collaboration

If you’re used to dealing with CAD programs like AutoCAD or SolidWorks, you might not immediately see the need for converting PDF files into a compatible format. However, clients are likely to have limited expertise in this area, and may well send files as PDFs. Often their reasoning is sound: PDF is a widely supported file type, so they can be sure anyone receiving the file will have the capacity to access it. They might have no concept of the fact that you can’t just open it and get on with edits and additions. Alternatively, they may be well aware of potential issues, but unable to do anything about them, not having access to CAD software themselves.

You might also start out with a PDF if the drawing has originated from a hard copy. Perhaps it is an old architectural plan of a building, or maybe there’s a hand-drawn sketch you wish to work on. Whatever the reason, you need it on your screen. And when scanning it into the computer, you will be able to save the file as a PDF, but not as a format that is more CAD-friendly.

The difficulties that arise when attempting to edit PDF files makes it often imperative to convert it into a format such as DXF. DXF files are useful because not only are they compatible across CAD software, they can take you from design to manufacturing very easily. As vector files, they contain information that is able to be read by CNC machines, ensuring accurate production of your initial design.

2. Not every part of a PDF file will necessarily need converting from raster to vector

PDFs can contain elements of both raster and vector graphics; the latter referring to parts of the file that are compatible with CAD work. These entities are made up of lines, as opposed to the pixels that form a raster image. Such elements will not undergo further vectorization, but can be imported into your new file all the same.

It is possible to determine which entities of your PDF are raster, and which vector, but to save time and confusion, the software is able to identify them for you. You may decide to load just one of these types, but equally you can load all entities within the file.

You will also be given the option of converting any of the raster graphics into vector. Restrict the vectorization to raster text, lines or shapes—or, to enable them to be used more effectively for CAD or CNC, choose to convert them all. And forget time consuming manual tracing; instead of mouse or graphic pad, Scan2CAD will trace these entities entirely automatically.

Once vectorized, the editing suite allows you to alter any part of the image easily for your desired outcome.

3. It’s very quick and very easy

When converting a PDF into a DXF format, there’s a lot that needs to happen—but, thankfully, not by you.

Simply load your file, and decide which parts of it you wish to convert: you may wish to use only certain pages of your original PDF file, for instance. You’ll also be able to choose different vectorization, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), and export settings. To make things even simpler, the software will pick up on individual aspects of your file(s) and display options that are specifically relevant to them.

Then you’re ready to save into DXF format. The whole conversion take just a few clicks of your mouse, and is completed within about half a minute! Suddenly those PDFs you’re sent from clients don’t seem so much of a bother, do they?

For more detailed instructions of the process, see our step-by-step guide to converting your PDF file to a DXF.

4. There are ways you can improve the outcome of your PDF to DXF conversion

During the PDF to DXF process, there are several things that could go wrong. However, with a few pointers, you can reduce susceptibility to all of the most common DXF conversion problems.

Right from the get-go, you will face decisions that will affect the quality of the output. First off, you need to make sure that your input image—the PDF—is scanned into the software in as optimal a manner as possible. Scanning in black and white, where color is not a requirement to your image, proves a big help to the software. It can convert monochrome shapes much more accurately than those that are colored, or even grayscale, which can still include nearly 300 different shades in between black and white.

Ensuring your scan is correctly aligned is another easy way to improve your chances of a successful scan. Although you can use the deskewing tool a little later, such technology can reduce quality—and why bother, when you can manually eliminate the need up-front? No need to worry about it being positioned the wrong way round, though; you can rotate your PDF easily on Scan2CAD.

While there is a whole checklist of things you can do to improve the scanning process, you’ll likely need to work on the image on-screen too. This includes checking that that the lines are thick enough to be recognized (although not thick enough to run the risk of producing multiple lines) and adjusting the color settings of your image.

After the conversion itself, there is a little more to do: the process does not end with a click of the button. Post-vectorization editing is a crucial step that can make all the difference to the quality of your DXF file output.

5. Scan2CAD will recognize text and numbers, although you can give it a helping hand

Optical Character Recognition is a useful piece of kit that can trace over letters and numbers and convert them into editable text. The technology comes in particularly handy when vectorizing old plans, which often contain handwritten labels and notes.

Applying certain settings can be beneficial to the process. You can, for example, choose to split characters that may have bled into each other in their native, raster state. There’s also complete flexibility in how OCR is used: the settings you opt for needn’t apply across your whole document if you don’t deem them suitable.

You can also lend the OCR technology a bit of a helping hand. With handwritten or unclear fonts, it is possible that lettering could be vectorized into a series of lines or arcs, rather than text. Not ideal. So, why not type over the words, and erase the writing beneath it? And remember, if it’s not legible to you, the computer doesn’t stand a chance!

6. You can convert as many PDFs as you like in one go!

What happens when you’ve got multiple PDF files that you need to use within CAD? It rather depends on which converter you opt for. Poor converters, as well as limiting the quality you’ll achieve, will only let you upload one graphic at a time. This is impractical for many users, who require a more extensive use of the service.

Scan2CAD, on the other hand, lets you use the automatic batch conversion option to save time and increase productivity.

Handy for multiple PDF to DXF conversions, there’s no need to upload your PDFs one at a time. It’s a no-corners-cut shortcut: get the same benefits that you enjoy with individual files, including the option to specify your required upload and vectorization settings.

7. You can do it all for free

There are many file converters available online—and you can even find some of these offering the service for free. However, you need to beware of various issues common to many of them. Poor quality is likely to abound: you may find that the output file is watermarked, or a very large in size. Any letters or numbers contained in the PDF may be vectorized as separate entities, leaving words jumbled and totally unreadable. There is also an increased risk that your digital security will be compromised; the risk of malware is not one to be taken lightly, and this is why we warn against the use of cracks.

And if safety and quality weren’t enough, there are various other pitfalls to conversion freeware. They do not tend to offer comprehensive editing suites, which are necessary to optimize your PDF to DXF conversions, nor advanced tools such as OCR.

However, with Scan2CAD, you get all of this (and more) and can even take advantage of a free 14 day trial. During this period, you will have access to the full, professional version of the software. That way, you can test out all of the features we’ve discussed, without committing with your wallet.

And if, and the end of that time, you do decide that paying for the ultimate vectorization software is indeed worth it, you can enjoy the benefits of this market-leading program for as long as you need them.

If you’re new to the Scan2CAD blog, and would like more advice to aid you in all your CAD needs, check out our tips section, featuring more handy hints and tricks on everything from student resources to building the ultimate CAD PC (and with much more in between).

1. They’re big and bulky, but they’re also beautiful

Raster files might generally be considered the baddies of graphics—they cannot be scaled, are resolution dependent and file sizes are unhelpfully large—but this should not detract from their main advantage. And this is that they are entirely fit for purpose.

Most of the images we see day to day are raster files, and this is because, quite simply, they look great. Within design, we need highly detailed images to complement the minimalistic simplicity of vector graphics; they are capable of showing the minutest feature with extraordinary clarity. In fact, many designers photoshop their designs to create stunning visuals depicting the end result of a project. Such actions are helpful in developing ideation, winning over clients and focussing inspiration.

In fact, the use of raster files within the design industries is the very reason necessitating programs like Scan2CAD. Without raster files—the beautiful big picture—we wouldn’t have such a clear need for a simplified version. A version that aids functionality, and helps make dreams a reality. If you’re convinced about the benefits of raster files, it is even possible to convert your vector image into one (although the software is primarily used the other way around).

So why all the moaning about them? Well, it’s usually because we want to use them in a manner not entirely coherent with their make up.

2. Scaling is an issue

Raster files are made up of tiny pixels—the smallest element of the picture. Because they’re so small, pixels—each of which is able to display color information—can form intricacies of a picture without us even realizing they’re there. We’re going over some of the basics here, but to fully understand raster graphics, it’s important that these facts are grasped.

Full-color and detailed information might be great features for use in visuals, but a pre-defined amount of pixels in an image does not lend itself to the day-to-day needs of CAD and CNC design. When the image is enlarged, the proportion of PPI (Pixels Per Inch) is reduced; there is the same amount of information contained in a bigger area. This is why images that appear to be sharp and defined at one size, become blurred and pixelated at another.

It is the complete opposite to how vector files work. Instead of relying on immovable building blocks, vectors contain points that are mapped out on coordinates. Stretching the image has no bearing on its quality, as the points will always go through the same coordinates, whatever the scale.

However, scaling is not always an issue with raster files. Decreasing the size of an image is not generally deemed to reduce quality—although there will become a point where the amount of pixels held within the image struggle to fit.

3. Screen resolution can have an impact on raster files

Just as the ratio of PPI plays a huge role in how sharp or blurry an image appears, display resolution can have just as big an impact on the viewable quality. To combat discrepancy, it is important that your screen is able to handle the resolution of the files you’re dealing with.

Screens have a fixed number of pixels that they are able to display. For instance, HD monitors, which we would recommend as a minimum for CAD work, have a width of 1920 pixels, while 4K screens have a width of around 4,000 pixels.

Too high a screen resolution will result in many images appearing very small, rendering them difficult to work on. A high resolution image that is, on the other hand, viewed on a monitor unable to display such quality, will not be seen at its full potential.

This issue is being addressed in the CAD sector with more and more affordable high quality screens present on the market. Find the best 5 monitors for under $1000 here.

4. PPI and DPI are not the same thing

Both terms refer to the clarity of an image, so you’d be forgiven for thinking that they mean exactly the same thing. Not so. Pixels Per Inch refers, as mentioned above, to the amount of picture elements that are contained within each inch. If there aren’t enough pixels in that space, the edges of them become visible, causing jagged lines and the appearance of blur.

Dots Per Inch differs substantially, in that it is a term referring to printing. Printers possess a limited number of colors, which they have to mix in order to replicate the shades present on an image. Dots of color are used to make up each pixel; the more dots, or higher DPI, the more realistic and smooth the final output.

Usually, when talking about CAD and CNC design, we’re much more concerned with the clarity and resolution of files viewed on a screen, rather than printed—which is why you’ll see the term ‘PPI’ used more often on this blog.

5. Raster files can be found everywhere

Unlike vector files, raster files are supported by almost every computer program. This makes them valuable for their diversity across any web page and device. The way that camera sensors work inherently means that hundreds of thousands of raster images are created by smartphone users everyday.

In fact, it could be argued that we even see in raster, with our eyes working in similar manner to these sensors (although thankfully, we don’t experience the same issues with pixelation as are common on the web.)

Raster files are not just confined to the digital world, either; they are also the most common images we see in printed medium. Books, magazines and physical photographs all use raster files to engage their audience. Just as in the use of visuals in design, the bright colors and impressive detail attract readers to these products and keep them interested.

6. Lossy vs Lossless

If you’re wary of huge file sizes, cumbersome in terms of speed and space, it is best to choose to compress your raster file when saving it.

Lossy compression is so called because it requires the loss of some information held within the file, in order to reduce it to as small a size as possible. Visual and audio files commonly use lossy compression; a certain amount of loss will not be noticed by users, when decompressed. JPEGs and GIFs are both examples of lossy image formats. The process is irreversible, and can be performed more than once to compress an image further.

The opposite of this is lossless compression. Files retain all information, so that there is no change to data. PNGs and TIFFs allow for lossless compression, and are therefore able to be reconstructed exactly as intended, when decompressed. You will find it difficult to reduce them to a size comparable with files which have undergone lossy compression.

The perfect balance of file size to quality depends on the use of the file. If small size is imperative, opting for a JPEG or similar is the way forward. But there are limits to its effectiveness. Should you wish to convert your file to a vector graphic, possibly for the purposes of using it for CAD or CNC, you should avoid formats that offer lossy compression. All possible information is required to reconstruct the file as accurately as possible. TIFF files are therefore able to offer optimal results during the process, and are the recommended file type to begin your raster-to-vector journey. You can convert a TIFF to DWG or DXF—the choice is yours.

7. They can be converted into to vector files

The good news is that there’s a solution to pretty much any issue you experience with the use of raster files in design. This solution of course, is vectorization—a process that is automated and can even be performed for free. 

Converting your raster files to vector enables you to work with the image (vector files are easier to edit), and makes them scalable and resolution independent. It also gives you a reduced file size, usually even smaller than those that have undergone lossy compression.  

CNC machines work directly from image files, but cannot understand the level of detail offered by pixels. Manufacturers and engineers therefore will always require vector files, regardless of the image’s native form.

However, tracing a drawing manually can be time consuming and difficult. The human brain might be able to determine images better than a computer, but our accuracy tends to let us down. That’s why programs like Scan2CAD were developed, so that you can press a button, sit back, and watch your design simplify itself into a file more useful to your project. It is, after all the ultimate vectorization software.

It turns out that there are 7 things you need to know about a lot of things! See our top facts about:

DXF Files
DWG Files
AutoCAD
SolidWorks
3D Printing
Vectorization

1. Raster images: they’re everywhere!

Photos are stored in raster file formats

The vast majority of the images you see online will be contained in a raster file format. What this means is that they are made up lots of individual pixels—the smallest part of the image, or picture element. Pixels contain information about color; each may be a unique shade, enabling the image to display not just block colour, but smooth transitions and blends between different shades.

The number of pixels contained within each image is fixed, and determines the pixel density. Optimal Pixels Per Inch (PPI) depends on the type of image, but will lead to the greatest resolution—so long as your device can display that level of detail. So, when the image is at its true size, it will retain sharp edges and clear detail.

Reducing the size of the image will not generally cause any visible problems, but enlarging it is a whole different matter. The expanded grid of squares can cause lines to become jagged, creating pixelation and the effect of blurriness. Simply increasing the number of pixels will not solve this issue, either, as your device will scatter pixels indiscriminately throughout the image.

The greater the amount of pixels, though, the greater the raster file size. Even compressed files like JPEGs can take up a lot of space, reflecting the huge amount of data stored within it.

2. Vector files are more functional

A vector graphic of a bridge

Where raster files, such as photographs or detailed pictures, can be found in general use everywhere and anywhere, vector files are much more common within CAD-design specific industries. Their make-up and function is completely different. 

Vector images do not possess pixels. Instead, they are made up of various types of lines, mapped from one coordinate to another. Their ‘location’ is determined by mathematical formulae; in practice, this means that—unlike raster files—they are resolution independent. They can be scaled, so objects within the image will hold their shape and clarity, whatever size they are viewed at.

They include different information to that held within raster files, and are contained in formats such as DXF, DWG or PDF.

3. Conversion is all about usability

JPEGs, GIFs, PNGs and TIFFs are all common raster file types. And they do their jobs well. JPEGs, for instance, are a great choice for a photograph: the format is able to store a huge amount of colours, which enables it to portray a high level of detail.

So why would you ever choose to change them? Well, as we’ve already discussed, a raster file might look impressive when viewed at the size in which it is stored, but zooming in or increasing the size will degrade the image. The pixels that perform so well at their original size suddenly become the file’s downfall. Converting from raster to vector enables scalability—where the image will remain sharp however far you zoom in—and comparable files tend to be much smaller in size.

But that’s not all. Vector files are also much more useful to many of the functions for which CAD is used. They contain a wide range of information crucial to this type of design.

Raster files are not suitable when designing for CNC

When the end goal of your design is fabrication in CNC, there is no other choice than to convert your image to vector. Tools like laser cutters, milling machines and CNC routers are not able to follow raster files, which do not hold any of the information they require. Instructions are easily contained within vector files, though: the points, mapped from A to B to C (and so on), tell the machine where exactly it needs to cut.

So, vector files are much more versatile, easier to work on in common CAD software like AutoCAD and SolidWorks, are suitable for CNC design, and never lose quality. That’s certainly enough to persuade us of the benefits of converting files out of a raster format.

4. There are 2 types of vectorization

When you’ve established why you need to vectorize your image, you need to decide how best to go about it.

Manual vectorization refers to the process of tracing a raster image into a vector file by hand, using a mouse, tablet or graphics pen. As a human’s understanding is superior to that of a computer, images need not be of perfect quality, so long as you are able to determine where the lines are supposed to be drawn. It is, however, time consuming. Complex images coupled with an inexperienced tracer is not a very efficient use of time.

Automatic vectorization, on the other hand, is tracing performed by a computer program. Conversion software, like Scan2CAD, can detect elements that make up the raster file, such as lines and edges. It is able to redraw these as vector entities, although you may have to optimize the image first.

See more of the pros and cons of each type, to figure out whether you should use manual or automatic image tracing.

5. Prepare to encounter difficulties

We cannot accurately determine information like scale from this photo

Depending upon the image you wish to vectorize, you are likely to face challenges during the process.

Some raster files are simply not suitable for vectorization. Unlike for most design, in this process, there is such a thing as resolution that is too high. Software will be unable to determine distinct objects within detailed photographs, for example. Photos of 3D objects, like buildings, are also likely to contain missing information: scale, for one.

But images with limited colour (preferably monochrome) and maximum quality, such as technical drawings, are perfect material for raster to vector conversion. Logos are another strong contender, so long as the logo is isolated (no noise in the background).

Files contained in formats like JPEGs and GIFs that use lossy compression—meaning a reduction in quality when the file size is reduced—should also be avoided. TIFF files, on the other hand, allow for lossless compression—and are far more suited to vectorization.

6. Useful tools you’re going to need

As well as checking that your image is suitable for tracing, you can make use of other pre-vectorization processing techniques, to really get the best out of the conversion.

Scan2CAD offers a number of tools to improve your end results. If your image has too many colors (and this includes shades of grey in areas that might appear black or white), the software will detect them as different entities, and vectorize them as such. Before your conversion, there is the option to reduce colors automatically. It is possible to avoid eliminating necessary differentiation by taking advantage of the option to choose the number of remaining colors.

Additionally, particularly when scanning hand drawn images, you may find that lines are faint or broken. Thickening your lines and removing holes will enable the software to scan these more effectively.

For aspects to your image that  are recognisable to the human eye, but proving a struggle for the software, you can even try a bit of manual tracing. The Pen tool is a handy feature to outline specific objects, although if the image is too busy, success will remain limited.

Scan2CAD also includes tools like Optical Character Recognition (OCR); some subscriptions are also able to support recognition of (legible) handwriting. This is particularly useful for plans, maps and technical drawings, where labels are critical to understanding.

These are just a few of the tools on offer; we’ve got a whole post dedicated to more of the top raster effects with which to optimise your vector conversion.

7. There’s a lot going on in the background

A simple click of the button? The software works a lot harder than you do

The actual raster to vector process might take you just a click of a button, but there is a wealth of activity going on behind the scenes.

Conversion programs first need to find the lines. We’ve already seen how difficult it is for software to accurately read raster images—that’s why we’re vectorizing in the first place! So there needs to be a way in which the program can establish where it needs to trace.

Fortunately, there is more than one. Line thinning involves algorithms that strip back lines until they are just a single pixel deep. Alternatively, contours may be matched, and lines determined by the way they connect around different areas.

The success of each system depends on the image you’re starting with. Noise is a particular issue for the line thinning technique, while contour-based methods are unable to accurately map lines where they meet each other. A combination of methods is often the best way to ensure optimal results.

Finding the lines is the tricky part, but in order to finish conversion, the software needs to use vector elements to redraw the image. These include lines, arcs and Bezier curves. When complete, the image should look like a complete drawing—although some more post-processing may be necessary. You can learn all about that, and more detail about the whole process of vectorization here.

So there they are: the top things we think you need to know about vectorization. But Scan2CAD’s conversion isn’t just a one-way street. If you’re wanting to go from vector to raster, look no further than our guide on rasterization.

1. Not just a fad

It is only relatively recently that 3D printing has become part of mainstream discourse, but the technology has actually been around for many years. Back in the early 1980s, there were several attempts at enabling Rapid Prototyping—the beginnings of what we now know of as 3D printing. In 1986, Charles Hull became the first person to be issued with a patent for his stereolithography apparatus. Using the machine, Hull was able to convert digital data into a tangible, 3 dimensional object, using a laser beam.

An old 3D printer

Nowadays, there are a range of desktop 3D printers, apps, and software; anyone can have a go. But there has also been claims that the excitement surrounding the technology is not entirely justified. The general public is not able to print parts affordably; there are limits to the materials that can be used. Within industry use, techniques like CNC remain prevalent. The promised revolutionary changes to traditional manufacturing don’t seem to have followed through.

So does this mean that 3D printing is just another underwhelming technology fad?

Absolutely not. The fact that the technology is still capable of producing headlines simply demonstrates how far we are from realizing its potential. What it does mean is that we shouldn’t overestimate the performance of affordable printers, nor the skills (see more below) that are required. Even Autodesk have warned against the hype mentality—not to undermine 3D printing’s impact, but to explain the gap between expectation and reality. We are impatient, but it’s worth remembering that it has taken many years of behind-the-scenes activity to progress the technology to the point where it now lies; its longevity should not be in question.

Back in the early ‘80s, 3D printing was accepted as being the future. The reality, which all the developments since demonstrate, is that it is still the future now.

2. You can use the terms ‘3D Printing’ and ‘Additive Manufacturing’ interchangeably… though perhaps you shouldn’t

Traditional methods of manufacturing employ a subtractive technique, whereby excess material is cut away to form the required shape. CNC is an example of subtractive manufacturing. Additive Manufacturing (AM) works the other way round. It builds up layers of a material, fusing them together to create a product. Among other advantages, the process is designed to ensure less waste and more speed.

If that sounds like everything you’ve ever read about 3D printing, that’s because the terms are often used interchangeably. Whether or not they should be is a matter of some debate.

The official definitions laid out in ISO/ASTM 52900:2015 do differ. AM is regarded as the “process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing and formative manufacturing methodologies”.

3D printing, on the other hand, is deemed the “fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle, or another printer technology”. This definition does carry the note: “Term often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing; until present times this term has in particular been associated with machines that are low end in price and/or overall capability”.

The definitions seem to bear slight different focuses: AM emphasizes the connection of materials, whereas 3D printing refers to the equipment used. This has led some to argue that 3D printing is a broader term, which can encompass—but is not exclusive to—Additive Manufacturing.

However, in practice, the word choice is largely down to perception. The media loves catchy phrases, and ‘3D printing’ sounds infinitely more exciting than ‘additive manufacturing’. Those in the industry may choose to call the process AM: possibly because it’s more specific, but also to sound a little more professional.

3. Moral implications

3D printed ovaries have allowed infertile mice to breed

One of the latest high profile cases of 3D printing was the successful production of healthy ovaries for mice. Infertile mice were able to conceive naturally following the procedure, which saw scientists print layers of latticed gelatin strips to form the ovary structure. They were designed in such a way that the blood vessels were able to fuse with those of the mice, and the tissue be accepted by their bodies. Healthy pups were born from the procedure; 3 litters were born of eggs produced by the printed ovaries.

The experiment sparked hope that in the future women with ovaries damaged by, say, cancer treatment, would be able to have them replaced with 3D prints.

But as well as the clear benefits of medical progress, there are also moral implications. The use of stem cells; the initial human trials, which may render participants ineligible for future, more sophisticated treatment; the designing of organs… all are issues that will need to be tackled.

At the other end of the spectrum, there is the potential for the production of items designed to cause harm. There was the instance, of course, of that gun. The images went viral, as did the widespread condemnation. And if 3D technology could be used to surpass gun regulations, it could also conceivably aid terrorists. Individuals could design and print their own parts for all manner of weapons, reducing risk of drawing attention to themselves.

But however unfortunate, the use technological advancements for harm is nothing new. All it means is that, as 3D printing progresses, so, too, will discussion and debate.

4. Out of this world

NASA have been an instrumental advocate of 3D technology. While others focus on its potential here on Earth, NASA have already taken a 3D printer out of its comfort zone (there’s one in the International Space Station) and are pushing the boundaries of the technology’s capability.

They have been thinking ahead, to a time when the moon, or perhaps Mars, may be colonized—and are attempting to establish sustainable methods of living there. It is simply not feasible, in terms of spacecraft capacity, time, or expense, to take or deliver all the necessary supplies from Earth.

Way back in 2014, a team transmitted design instructions from Earth to the 3D printer in space, where it was able to produce a wrench. Having demonstrated successful use of the machine in a zero gravity environment, scientists are now taking things a step further.

One of the key challenges for designing in space is the limited resources available. However, a recent experiment has taken them one step closer to overcoming this obstacle. 3D printing with simulated ‘Martian dust’, made using samples of the real thing, has produced items made of a tough rubber, which has the potential to form tools and building blocks. Dust is abundantly available on both the moon and Mars. If and when colonization eventually occurs, NASA have proved the value of such a supply.

There is still some way to go; research must now begin into heating the prints in an effort to harden them. But these initial successes pave the way for more exciting times ahead.

5. Huge architectural potential

One of the areas with the greatest potential for utilizing 3D printing technology is, unsurprisingly, within the field of architecture.

Printed houses can be produced at a fraction of the normal cost; completed projects so far have reported impressive reductions in labour, raw materials and timeframe. Crucially, this helps to make them a viable prospect for building in the developing world.

The efficiency of the process also means that rebuilding homes, schools and hospitals in the aftermath of natural disasters might someday be a take a matter of weeks, rather than years.

There have already been several instances of 3D printed buildings. Apis Cor made headlines earlier this year when they managed to print an entire house on-site in under 24 hours. Situated in a Russian town, the house footprint amounts to 38m² and features curved walls and thermal insulation.

Image source: Apis Cor
3D printed houses like this might one day be commonplace

In addition to the production of life-size edifices, architecture firms can also take advantage of the impressive visual effects 3D printing affords. Along with Virtual Reality (VR), this technology is changing the way in which concepts and designs are presented to clients.

6. A 3D printer is not a 3D printer is not a 3D printer

With so many different types of 3D printing technologies available, it can be difficult to know where to start. Choosing a particular method of 3D printing largely depends on which material you’re working with and what your end goal is.

We’ve already mentioned Stereolithography (SLA), which uses a UV laser beam to harden liquid resin. Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP) is a type of SLA under development. It uses an identical process, but is claimed to be much quicker, due to the presence of a special oxygen-permeable membrane on the resin, which aids the procedure. The smooth finish SLA technique is ideal for application where detail is essential.

This Printed Circuit Board has been made using SLA technology

Digital Light Processing (DLP) also uses a resin, but solidifies it using a projector, rather than ultra violet light. Lasers are, however, used (as the name suggests) in Selective Laser Sintering (SLS). Instead of resin, SLS requires materials to be in powdered form; these are then bound together. This method is versatile, and can accommodate materials from ceramics to steel.

Electron Beam Melting (EBM) also works with powdered metal. The electron beam is able to reach temperatures capable of completely melting the powder. Whilst this is useful for metals with high melting points, the technology needs work to make it more commercially viable.

Another of the most popular types of 3D printing is Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Cost efficient and ideal for prototyping, it works by heating plastic, which is then extruded horizontally. The object builds up as the print is lowered.

Wax Casting is officially known as Material Jetting (MJ). Instead of creating jewelry by hand, it is now possible to achieve the high level of detail necessary through nozzles, which deposits liquid wax in layers and leaves to harden.

Traditionally, making jewelry has required wax casting to be done by hand; the process may now be completed using a 3D printer

If you’re looking to 3D print in color, then Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) or Binder Jetting (BJ) are both good options. In LOM, pressure and heat cause laminates, coated in adhesive, to fuse together. When the layers are complete, the shape is then cut out. In a way, it could be described as both an additive and subtractive manufacturing technique.

BJ, on the other hand, extrudes a binding adhesive onto layers of powder. Previously criticised for lack of accuracy and ruggedness, there have been recent attempts to improve the technology, including by HP.

7. To do it well requires real skill

Thanks to the internet, public expectations of 3D printing are way beyond the capacity of the average Joe. Limitations to materials, accuracy of low-cost printers, and a lack of design knowledge are all factors in the discrepancies between what you see online and what you can create in the comfort of your own home.

In order to produce a high quality model, a good level of CAD skill is essential. Packages like AutoCAD and SolidWorks are ideal for this type of design. So where do you start?

If you’re a CAD novice, it’s worth checking out our introductory guides: you can learn the very basics of AutoCAD in just one hour. Or, if you’re new to SolidWorks, these tips and tricks will help you progress.

For those of you who already familiar with CAD design, it is a case of practice makes perfect. Task yourself with learning a new tool for every project.

So, 3D printing is likely to be more extensively used, but it isn’t—and will probably never be—appropriate for all manufacturing. In the meantime, there are plenty of us still needed for traditional CNC design. And that can throw up quite enough challenges of its own.

1. All a matter of odds

The founder of SolidWorks was not just a CAD geek; Jon Hirschtick started the company after winning £1m on blackjack. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate spent time as both a player and an instructor within the infamous MIT Blackjack team, which inspired the film 21. The group was renowned for training its members card counting techniques and using their skills to great effect in order to beat casinos and amass huge wealth.

Hirschtick may have been barred from many Las Vegas casinos, but he used the fortune he made from these endeavours for a more reputable cause. He found his true calling when he moved away from gambling to pursue a career developing user-friendly 3D modelling solutions.

Recruiting other software engineers, Hirschtick founded SolidWorks in 1993, and 2 years later the first release was out. The program was an immediate hit, and it wasn’t long before global technology giant Dassault Systèmes decided to buy the company. As early as 1997, it cost them $310m in shares.

Hirschtick stayed with SolidWorks until 2012. Citing his expansive creativity as the reason for change, he left to form rival company Onshape.

In a way, then, a talent for dubious blackjack tactics can be credited with the creation of 2 companies, and fast progression of 3D CAD design.

2. Three different subscription levels

Subscriptions for SolidWorks are offered at different rates, depending on the level of functionality you require. Standard, Professional and Premium suites are all available.

The Standard package includes all the parts, assembly, modeling and design that are to be expected of CAD software. It also includes limited capacity to determine analysis of static and stress on parts.

The Professional Suite is aimed at more technical users. It works at increasing productivity by creating a more streamlined experience. As part of this package, users can expect much more realistic rendering than is available in the Standard version. It is also able to keep tabs on editing, so that you can track design changes over time. Finally, costing has proved popular: it helps CAD users estimate the price of their design with minimal effort.

The Premium specification includes all the elements available in the other two suites, but goes further again. It enables you to work with 3D scans, take advantage of more tools for laying out electrical components, and see how your design will perform in real life, by use of highly detailed simulations.

3. There’s even a version for kids

SolidWorks has always been at the forefront of designing with an eye for the future. Nowhere is this more apparent than in their investment in developing CAD skills in children.

SolidWorks apps for kids allows youngsters to learn the basics of CAD early on. It is aimed at providing inspiration and fun for 4-14 year olds, rather than increasing expertise overtly. The traditional design process, though, is still followed. Children are encouraged to form ideas, shape these into 3D models and stylize their designs. The ‘Mech It’ feature allows the addition of moving mechanisms, and sharing designs helps develop a sense of community often associated with the industry. Bring the activity to life: there is even the option to order a 3D print of each design—a tangible reward, as well as an opportunity for evaluation.

The program was announced at SolidWorks World 2016, and has already been rated highly against other CAD software designed for children. Not yet complete, the program is currently browser-based; a full range of apps are set to be available in the future. And, as the software is relatively new, the developers are particularly keen for feedback. Submit comments and suggestions to help shape the future of design packages for kids.

4. Compatible with AutoCAD

One of the great advantages of SolidWorks is that users can import files directly from AutoCAD’s native file formats of DXF and DWG straight into the software. This enables you to develop a design from 2D to 3D with more capabilities than AutoCAD allows for.

In fact, SolidWorks offers more than 30 translators to convert incoming CAD data into the right format or to export SolidWorks data to other CAD products.

With AutoCAD ideal for 2D drawings and SolidWorks the go-to software to support 3D design, being able to easily convert AutoCAD 2D designs into 3D models with the import wizard ensuring a smooth transition is a huge plus for teams.

It is often necessary to edit a drawing after importing it. SolidWorks provides an application called the SolidWorks 2D Editor, which allows users to edit DWG files natively, without the need to keep transferring between the two programs.

Whilst you’d usually take 2D drawings out of AutoCAD and into SolidWorks, it’s also good to know how well SolidWorks handles sheet metal design. Once you’ve learnt the settings, the program is worth its weight in gold. Use it to create drawings that consider metal stretching, by ‘unwrapping’ a 3D sheet metal model in order to create a part drawing, complete with relief cuts. For architectural drawings though, AutoCAD is still a clear winner of the 2D domain.

5. SolidWorks has a strong community focus

Image source: SolidWorks

When it comes to social activities, SolidWorks doesn’t shy away. SolidWorks World is the big one. Held annually, usually early in the year, the conference gives SolidWorks users a chance to network, share hints and tips with each other, and learn from the industry experts. The conference also sees hundreds of new products on show—items produced by SolidWorks users.

This year’s event was the best yet; LA saw an influx of over 5,000 guests in attendance, and put on more than 200 different sessions. These included talks on practicalities, like the engagingly titled ‘SolidWorks Redneck Workarounds – Creative Solutions to Everyday Problems’.

There’s no need to miss out, either. For those unable to attend, SolidWorks have made many of the presentations accessible online. Sign up for a free account to take advantage of them today.

There are plenty of other events in the SolidWorks calendar, including numerous seminars organised by through SolidWorks resellers. Aimed at different skill levels, there are options for hands on activities, inspirational talks, and expert instruction.

Can’t make it to upcoming seminars? Check out our top tips and tricks for the software.

6. The latest developments

SolidWorks 2017 was released in September 2016, and claims that 90% of its improvements were the result of user collaboration. We’ll be taking the full tour of the new software soon, but here is a taster of the enhancements and innovations available in the latest version.

Magnetic Mates is a time-saving feature that helps make relocation of components easy. Move parts close to each other, and they will connect automatically; it’s as intuitive as building models with your own two hands. You can now also enjoy the benefits of improved compatibility. SolidWorks 3D Interconnect introduces the ability to open and edit third party CAD files—in exactly the same way as other base parts. And then there’s simulation. The 2017 program has the capability to make accurate judgement calls based on your parameters, and highlights areas of high stress for quick evaluation.

As if the excitement of these latest developments wasn’t enough, SolidWorks World 2018 moved straight on to offering teasers about the future. Touch device users on Windows 10 will be able to sketch contours by hand or stylus, Mirror Sketch Entities are to be extended to 3D sketches, and mouse commands will see an increased upper limit of 12.

It is the constant revision of old features and evolution of new ones that has helped to establish SolidWorks as an industry leader. The recent progressions show that the software remains at the forefront of 3D design: a position it’s not likely to relinquish anytime soon.

7. Remote working license options

In the age of improving working conditions, more and more employees are being granted the right to work from home. In reality, this could be read as anywhere other than the office or studio. As you might expect, this can cause difficulties with licensing laws: if your company possesses SolidWorks license, that does not automatically entitle you to legitimate use on your own computer.

So, how can you get around your lack of personal license? Fortunately, SolidWorks offers a couple of solutions.

One option is to ‘borrow’ a license. This is a simple process, but only a short-term solution: the license can be transferred to a personal computer by connecting it to the server in your studio. It is then valid for up to 30 days. Ideal for working holidays, perhaps, but not optimal for lengthy or regular absences from the workplace.

Alternatively, you can request a Home Use license. Your reseller can provide you with as many of these as there are users in your workplace. What’s more, the licenses are completely free, although the user is subjected to conditions of use. Whilst a ‘borrowed’ license will remove a subscription seat from the main server, until it is returned, a Home Use license enable seats to be kept. This prevents the hassle of exchanging your license whenever you move from home to work, or back again.

So there you have it. SolidWorks was the brainchild of a misspent youth, it offers different levels of technicality—even for children as young as 4—and you can legitimately use the software when working at home.

But, of course, it’s not the only prominent CAD software out there. We’ve also explored the 7 things you need to know about AutoCAD.

1. Don’t be put off by cost

CAD software offers massive value for the user, therefore the cost can be higher when compared to software in other industries—AutoCAD is no exception to this rule. Perpetual licenses used to be available, which would save users in the long term. However, since their discontinuation earlier this year, monthly or yearly subscriptions have become the only available option. If you’re part of a big design firm, this may not prove to be an issue, but for smaller teams, freelancers and students, the high prices can be a stumbling block to progression.

The good news is that, at least while you’re learning, there’s no need to splash out on an expensive subscription. As with all of Autodesk’s products, AutoCAD is available for students, educators and educational institutions for free. So long as you’re able to provide a valid academic email address, you’ll be awarded an AutoCAD license for the subsequent 3 years. If you remain in education after this period, the license is renewable; there’s no upper limit on how many renewals you are allowed.

Not only can students enjoy the benefits of learning the software in their departments, but they can also play around with it away from campus. Since time is a key factor to increasing CAD skills, this is a valuable asset—especially when fees of at least $1,400/year are waived.

And, as well as permitting use, the educational license also qualifies you for upgrades upon renewal. This helps teachers, professors and students keep on top of new developments and be fully prepared for life outside of an educational institution.

Not a student? There are other ways to get AutoCAD and other CAD software for free.

2. There’s plenty of opportunity for self-improvement

It might not be easy to learn, but at least there is plenty of help available when it comes to improving your AutoCAD skills. The sheer volume of material available for free online is one advantage to using this software over alternatives—if it suits your needs, of course.

In addition to offering free software for students, many of whom will be learning the program from scratch, Autodesk also provides support, troubleshooting and numerous tutorials from which to develop knowledge. Move from tentative beginner to fully fledged AutoCAD geek with the Autodesk University program. It progresses users through online classes and is another source of inspiration for the aspiring designer.

The company also offer various opportunities for CV enhancement. There are a wide variety of competitions aimed at giving young CAD users a chance to showcase their work. Entering some of these helps you gain practical experience and versatility; it also demonstrates to future employers that you are keen and proactive.

The Student Expert Network offers the chance to gain certification and complete activities to achieve ‘Expert’ or ‘Ambassador’ status. By doing so, you will benefit from access to networking and job opportunities as well—handy when considering a career in CAD.

In addition to seeking help directly from Autodesk, the AutoCAD community offers plenty of insight into the workings of the software. This official forum provides space for questions, exploration and contribution.

3. There are jobs out there for those with good AutoCAD skills

Using these resources to grasp the intricacies of AutoCAD helps to open up a whole world of opportunities. There is the potential to become a drafter—where you would be responsible for producing technical drawings—an engineer, architect or some other form of designer.

In addition to considering your preferred industry, you may wish to weigh up the pros and cons of freelance work. In such an environment, it is helpful to have good working knowledge of a range of CAD programs (including AutoCAD), in order to cater to a diverse client base.

Even if the company you end up working for uses a different piece of software, chances are that you’ll come into contact with the program at some point in your CAD career.

4. Codenames

Autodesk have got into the habit of code naming versions of the AutoCAD software prior to each release. This wasn’t always the case, though; releases 1-8 were not given any form of alias.

Perhaps the most famous codename was that which referred to AutoCAD R, released in 1989. White Album got its name from the Beatles’ album, which had a song entitled Revolution 9. Save for a couple of releases shortly afterwards, all of the subsequent versions of AutoCAD have been christened with codenames. The most recent of these have been Maestro, Nautilus and Omega, which was the pseudonym for AutoCAD 2018, released in April.

Since AutoCAD instated annual releases compatible with Mac operating systems back in 2010, these have also been given nicknames. Similar at first to the code names referring to Windows versions (SledgeHammer, rather than Hammer; Iron Maiden as opposed to Iron Man; Jaws and well, Jaws) they have sounded distinct in recent years. The relationship between the 2 remain, however. AutoCAD 18 for Mac was called Naboo, after the fictional world in Star Wars; Granta Omega is a character in the same series.

Using codenames peaks interest, maintains secrecy and definitely helps each version sound a bit cooler. You can see all of them in this comprehensive documentation of AutoCAD release history.

5. There are plenty of brand new, exciting features

Speaking of the latest release, we couldn’t skip over the new and improved features available in AutoCAD 2018. From improvements to PDF integration to support for high resolution monitors, there’s plenty of aspects to get excited about.

One particularly useful feature is that selected objects now stay as such, even when you move off-screen. This enables users to select multiple objects from different areas of the design, whilst panning between them.

Collaboration just got even easier, with options to view your design online with the AutoCAD A360 viewer. Colleagues can download and edit drawings. Real-time synchronization allows multiple players to alter designs at the same time, and all that is needed is an internet connection. There’s no need to worry about protecting your projects either: you can control the access, set permission restrictions and erase all trace of the design when you’re done.

Likewise, the app is free and comes as standard with AutoCAD 2018. Working on the go, or taking designs to site has never been easier. There are options to view and measure CAD drawings, aimed at reducing the use of paper. Upgrade for a cost for more sophisticated tools.

For a more in-depth look at all things new in AutoCAD 2018, take a look here.

6. Riddle’s involvement in AutoCAD ended in a pay-off

AutoCAD combined the technical brain of Mike Riddle with the business savvy of John Walker. Other software engineers were recruited, and the team formed the basis for the company that would become Autodesk.

But legal disputes plagued the endeavour. In the beginning, Walker had been unwilling to buy Riddle’s programming, which he’d first used under the name Interact CAD, for the asking price. $15,000 was nearly double what Walker offered, and instead the pair came to the agreement that Riddle would earn 10% of programs devised from his code.

Riddle’s contribution to the programming of AutoCAD—reportedly less than 1,200 of the total 12,000 lines of code—earned him nearly $12m in 1992. He dropped a lawsuit against Autodesk, opting to sell his royalty rights back to the company instead.

But even this huge sum did not match up to the 10% he’d originally negotiated; by the late 1980s, the company had made over $100,000,000 in sales—a figure that continued to grow. It is a matter of opinion whether Riddle was paid adequately for his involvement.  But when it is considered that his original programming had been evolved almost beyond recognition, it was probably a fair deal.

7. Even the great creators of AutoCAD had wish lists

Within half a year of software distribution, it was clear that the AutoCAD community was going to be vocal. The founders began compiling regular lists of improvements that focused on developing the software according to customer needs and requests. This approach not only demonstrated a reliance on the AutoCAD community, but further encouraged their interaction.

Items in the wish lists were prioritized, according to factors such as the potential to reduce the burden of support, or whether the absence of each feature was thought to be negatively affecting sales. Those that scored highest did not always directly correlate to a timeline, though: if low priority features were quick and easy to implement, they were likely to jump the queue.

User input is mutually beneficial—and therefore extremely valuable. One of the reasons AutoCAD is able to improve year on year is through the feedback of the average CAD designer. That’s why compilations of user wish lists by the founders initiated a tradition that still remains today.

The suggestions of users now tend to go through Autodesk User Group International. AUGI relies on its community to submit ideas—and rank those of others—to determine which proposals hold the greatest universal appeal. Each year, the top 10 in each software wish list are forwarded straight to the product development team at Autodesk.

AutoCAD was revolutionary when it was first released, and has shaped much of the CAD world as we see it today. Sometimes criticized as not moving with the times, their latest updates show that—whatever the future of CAD brings—there is still more for the software to give.

1. DWG wasn’t initially designed for Autodesk

Most people think that the DWG file type came directly from CAD market leaders, Autodesk. But that isn’t exactly what happened.

Mike Riddle was the programmer responsible for the Drawing format. Back in the late 1970s, Riddle found that contemporary CAD programs simply “weren’t going to cut it”, and set out to devise a solution. He launched Interact in 1979, and it became the world’s first software to utilize DWG as its native file type.

But Interact CAD turned out to be limiting; its memory was small, and—in its original form—it failed to make any real impact on the industry. The program sold only around 30 copies, before Riddle took it to his friend, John Walker.

The software silenced Walker—somewhat of a rarity, if Riddle’s account is to be believed. He pronounced it a “portion”: something with which to work on and develop into something even greater. Even Walker didn’t realize the full potential of the product, though; he didn’t pay Riddle up front for the rights, opting instead for a less risky approach. Riddle came away from the deal with the promise of 10% of any program devised from the file he’d designed. Neither could know how lucrative the code would turn out to be.

Riddle, Walker and some other programmer friends banded together to start a new company: Autodesk. They used Interact, along with its DWG file type, to form the backbone of an advanced program; one that was going to change the world on design. In 1982, AutoCAD was born.

Learn more about the history and future of DWG files here.

2. They’re the subject of an ongoing power struggle

Binary code is presented as 1s and 0s, which makes it difficult to decipher

The control over DWG technology has long proved to be a contentious issue. Autodesk have always chosen to keep the file specifications a closely guarded secret—and this has angered some competitors.

The file information is stored as binary data, which makes it intentionally difficult for others to read or make sense of. In 1998, a group of like-minded individuals joined forces to form a non-profit organization called the Open Design Alliance, which aimed at promoting the accessibility of CAD data. They hoped to reverse engineer the DWG file and eliminate the exclusivity Autodesk held over it. The first part of this mandate went, more or less, to plan: their version of DWG is available for free on the web.

In return, Autodesk issued a popup to display a strong warning—watered down in 2007, following a legal dispute—to users opening files not licensed by themselves. Their message was simple: compatibility would be compromised. In other words, no other option was good enough to successfully replace an Autodesk DWG file.

However, despite their extensive authority over the file type, Autodesk have thus far failed in attempts to trademark DWG, which would allow them to monopolize the format entirely. It’s a power struggle Autodesk hoped to avoid with the development of DXF files, the specifications of which it publishes online.

3. You don’t need to own AutoCAD to edit DWG files

Instead of sharing DWG files, Drawing Exchange Format (DXF) files are often used for collaboration between different companies along the design process. This is because the open-source DXF format is compatible with almost every CAD program in the world. However, there are dangers of converting to DXF—primarily, that information may be lost en route.

To avoid this, it is sometimes preferable to keep complex files in their native state. So, what should you do to ensure that the different players involved in a project are able to open and revise the file?

The idea that splashing out on AutoCAD is the only effective way to work with DWG files is (thankfully) a myth. You may already be aware that Autodesk actually offers 3 different types of free software: A360 Viewer, DWG True View and AutoCAD 360. All of these can be used to view DWG files without AutoCAD, and even perform some minor edits. 

But there are limitations. That’s partly what prompted Scan2CAD to release software that allows you to both view and extensively alter drawing files, using a full suite of editing features.

We are, of course, biased—but you don’t have to take our word for it. Sign up for a free 14 day trial to test our claim.

4. Less storage space is eaten up

We already discussed one benefit to DWG’s use of binary coding: it allows Autodesk to retain a competitive advantage, because it is difficult for others to ascertain how the information within the file is stored.

However, it also provides a clear asset to the user. The use of 1s and 0s, as opposed to plain text or ASCII, keeps the file size to a minimum, so that it needn’t use much space on your hard drive. This is an important feature within CAD: complex drawings can consist of many elements, and designers and engineers will often be working on multiple projects at any one time. It is therefore helpful to keep files as small as possible, so that there is enough storage available for all of the files that you wish to view and edit.

While DXF files are not necessarily much larger than their DWG equivalents, smaller is also going to be better when transferring files to clients or colleagues. There are various ways of sharing large files, but there is usually a limit on the amount of free space the service of your choice will provide. Keeping costs down is important, particularly if you’re part of a small studio, or working freelance. And when something as simple as using a particular file format will help you keep within budget, all the better! 

5. Backwards compatibility

With DWG Columns for Explorer, you can decide what details about DXF and DWG files you wish to be displayed, including version information and revision number. Image source: Autodesk

Although you may run into difficulties trying to read the latest DWG files using old versions of AutoCAD, the reverse is not true. Since Autodesk pushes an updated version of AutoCAD out every year (you can read all about the latest update here), backwards compatibility is a very handy feature.

First off, it eliminates the need for different project members to own the same software release. Programs like AutoCAD are expensive, and agencies choose to update them at different rates. Individuals can ‘save-down’ to former versions when necessary—something that may be particularly pertinent to subscribers of AutoCAD 2018. Prior to this release, developments to drawing files had somewhat ground to a halt, with no evolution for half a decade. Now, however, DWG has progressed once more: the file format has been updated to streamline the open and save processes.

Since it’s not always clear at first glance which DWG update has been used in making a file, Autodesk have produced a useful tool that allows you to see all the information associated with it. In addition to displaying the relevant version, the DWG Columns for Explorer also shows users key data like any comments, custom properties, and revision number.

Backwards compatibility is also advantageous for companies revisiting projects from the past. This is something especially common within the construction industry, where a site may be extended as more funds become available. In this scenario, firms can safely upgrade to new software versions without affecting the readability of their architects’ files.

6. It’s all in the detail

DWG files are vector by nature—and in most applications across design industries, this helps them offer significant advantages over raster types. 

Raster files, like JPEGs, are represented by a grid of pixels, which are prone to distortion. The further you blow up a raster image, the more blurry it will become. This makes them unsuitable for use on a large scale.

Vector files, on the other hand, retain their quality—no matter how far you zoom in. The DWG format, as a vector file, is perfectly scalable; whether you’re looking at a 2D image, or 3D geometry, the file can be displayed at any size, without any loss of definition.

In practical terms, this is particularly helpful for the latter stages of design: up-close, the drawing stays sharp and focused, so that CAD users can play about with the details.

7. DWGs promote a real-world coordinate system

You may choose where your in the world your project is being built, to make project collaboration easier and more effective. Image source: Autodesk

When producing plans, designers and engineers often draw to real world coordinates. The DWG format allows them to do so. This means that all designs are correctly positioned on their respective construction sites, wherever on the globe it may lie.

DWGs retain coordinate information, so that when they are imported into, or exported from, various software packages, drawings maintain their real world position. This feature extends to both two- and three-dimensional information, which can easily be exchanged between the major drafting programs, such as Vectorworks and Revit.

Keeping all files positioned to the same coordinates enables quick cross-referencing between different disciplines, leading to improved project collaboration. A DWG file containing the instructions for mapping lampposts, for instance, can be directly transferred on top of a plan of the landscape. When the drawings align, it is clear whether the lighting is positioned effectively, or whether any of the posts interfere with an unusual land mass.

The coordinates are also accurate to 1mm, allowing a high level of precision in drawing and modelling. The positioning information can be exported from the DWG file into tables. Harnessing this data is crucial to the work of engineers on the ground. Assisted by GPS machines, they can quickly and easily set out construction sites to the tight tolerances required on building projects.

The fact of the matter

The DWG format is one of the most commonly used file types within the CAD industry—and for good reason. But who could have guessed that it also possesses such a rich history? Or that it has been embroiled in a passionate controversy that spans the decades since its introduction?

Learn more in the 7 interesting facts series:

• DXF files

‘File types?’ I hear you say. ‘Yawn.’ Well, there’s always a chance you’ll find yourself surprised. With something so commonly used as DXF, there’s room to stand back and dig a little deeper into their background, intricacies and quirks; if nothing else, it will refresh our appreciation for the file’s value.

1. They’re as old as AutoCAD itself

Developed in 1982, the DXF file type was invented by Autodesk—in the same year that the company released the very first version of its most well-known design software: AutoCAD. With the program, users would able to create DWG (Drawing) files, which collated the instructions to render drawings into a compact, binary file—but Autodesk recognized that not everyone would run AutoCAD. For some, the software would be too expensive; for others, unsuited to their work. And so, with the technical specifications of AutoCAD’s native DWG format a closely guarded trade secret, Autodesk saw the need to offer an alternative.

They set out to develop a different sort of file type; one that could be accessed, modified and shared by applications across the CAD world, and not just those built by Autodesk. What they came up with was DXF, the Drawing Exchange Format. It precisely replicated the information held in DWG files, but in plain text, rather than binary code.

This proved to be a smart move: in becoming the industry standard for file sharing, DXF files became critical to many different creative industries, from architecture to fashion to manufacturing, almost overnight.

2. DXFs are totally open-source

AutoDesk publishes a specification document of the DXF file format

Did you know that anyone in the world can access the full specification for DXF files for free, so long as they’re able to get online? The specs are published by creators Autodesk, who update them whenever a new version comes out.

This means that anyone with the necessary software development skills can create programs that can read and write DXF files. It’s one example of how Autodesk have recognized that open collaboration with the CAD industry as a whole can aid progress in design more quickly and efficiently than by working alone.

By contrast, DWG files are not open-source; other than paying for the privilege, the only way to read and write such formats are through reverse engineering—a somewhat tricky operation, although many have tried.

And, of course, it would be naive to suggest that developing an open-source file type was an entirely altruistic project. DXF files successfully helped to promote AutoCAD as the new industry favourite; this file type primarily acts a vehicle for customers to get on board with the program, rather than disembark from it.

3. They revolutionized design collaboration

The clue is in the name. X, for exchange, hints at one of the key benefits to saving as DXF: they are supported by almost every CAD program in the world.

Without DXF, it would be difficult for different companies along the design process—many of whom use distinct pieces of software—to work together effectively. Different programs are more suited to different industries—with budget and personal preferences holding a large sway within companies as well.

Making alterations to a drawing produced by others in a different software package would mean that the design would have to be copied from scratch. Such a method is not only prone to miscommunication and human error, but is also incredibly time-consuming.

With the introduction of DXF, issues relating to compatibility were able to be overcome. The common file format allowed individuals across different creative sectors to collaborate on exactly the same design, whatever their choice of CAD program. Architects could suddenly work with engineers, instead of just parallel to them: their efforts combined and integrated into one neat file package. Similarly, a product designer may draw complex shapes in Illustrator, a program more suited to the task than AutoCAD. But their manufacturers are unlikely to run Illustrator, and so it makes sense to export the drawing as a DXF file when sending it on.

Now, it is more or less taken for granted that updated versions of a design can be sent back and forth as different sections are worked on—and such collaboration breeds great design. Unconstrained by each other’s technology, different industries are able to contribute their best work to a project, and together build something that exceeds the sum of its parts.

4. They’re not perfect

If you’re any sort of a regular Scan2CAD reader, you’d be forgiven for thinking that we believe DXF files to be one big bundle of wonder. And to an extent, you’d be right. We love their versatility and the manner in which they enable cross-discipline collaboration.

But we wouldn’t be doing our job if we didn’t recognize that the file type is not without its flaws.

First things first. While they typically offer a smaller file size to their raster counterparts, DXF files will never head the table when it comes to transfer (upload and download) speed. DWG files contain binary code, which condenses the data held within a file to 1s and 0s. If you take a look at DXF file information, on the other hand (by copying it into a text editor, such as Notepad), you’d be able to see full words. As seen above, this can be considered a great thing—programmers can make sense of the code, which has bred a multitude of software that is compatible with the format. However, the long-form data increases the overall size of the file, so it also requires more storage space. This will be particularly noticeable with extremely complex drawings: those that contain many layers. 

Another issue is that every time you convert a file, you run the risk of some data loss. So, if you’re designing in DWG, and then exporting your work in DXF to send to a colleague or client, there’s a chance that elements from your initial drawing can go AWOL en route. You can take steps to minimize this liability by learning how to avoid common conversion problems.

So, if there are issues with DXF file types, why are we still such big fans? Well, there are a number of reasons.

5. Scale is no object

Raster files become blurred when they are expanded, whereas vector files keep their quality

Unlike other file types, such as JPEGs or GIFs, DXF files are fully scalable. They are able to offer total precision, with a floating-point of up to an impressive 16 decimal places. What this means in reality is that however far you zoom into the image, it will retain its quality. The file contains all the vital information of a drawing; they can be edited in much more detail than an image file in JPEG or PDF format.

When shared with a client, the design will therefore always look perfect. For example, a logo need only be sent in this one file type to enable its use on anything from pocket-sized business cards right up to extravagant billboards. Other designs are sent to be manufactured, and here again you can be sure that—whatever the size of the end product—there will be no jagged edges; nothing inaccurate to detract from the finished creation.  

6. DXF offers unique longevity

Image source: Charles Culp

Whatever the future holds for DWG files, the standard use of DXF for data exchange helps to cement this file type as a format that is evergreen.

As companies migrate to different software packages over time, it makes sense to back up all files in their most widely supported version. That is, currently and undoubtedly, the Drawing Exchange Format.

Compatibility is so integral to usefulness that, within design at least, it has almost become synonymous. What is the point in creating something that cannot be shared, developed, improved and displayed?

Even as DWG files become easier to share between CAD programs, DXF files should be heralded for their longevity.

7. You can often find DXF files for free

Because they’re so compatible with different software packages, and the format is so easy to replicate, there is lots of competition to produce DXF files that are appropriate for CAD users. This has a massive impact on their availability. There are plenty of websites offering downloadable DXF images, which can often be sent directly to CNC for cutting, or used as a basis for more CAD/CAM work. Using pre-drawn files saves time, provides inspiration, and can help you focus on improving specific CAD skills once you’ve acquired the basics.  

The best news of all is that many businesses provide a selection of these for no cost at all. At Scan2CAD, we are no exception, releasing whole packs of cut-ready designs every week. But there are so many other resources out there, that we wrote a whole blog post, detailing the best and most comprehensive places to find free designs.

Interesting?

Well, what’s certainly clear is that although DXF files might be standard, even common, they’re certainly not dull. We owe much of the design seen throughout the world today to their development, not to mention the productive collaboration they helped to initiate. From humble beginnings to the heights of revolution, the Drawing Exchange Format deserves a little more respect.